3D Printers
Information
Introduction
3D printing, or additive manufacturing, is the process of making three-dimensional solid objects from a digital file. The creation of a 3D printed object is achieved using additive processes. In an additive process an object is created by laying down successive layers of material until the entire object is formed.
Each of these layers can be seen as a thinly sliced cross-section of the object. 3D printing is the opposite of subtractive manufacturing which is cutting out / hollowing out a piece of metal or plastic with for example a milling machine.
Main Technologies
- FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling): The most common type, using a heated nozzle to melt thermoplastic filament.
- SLA (Stereolithography): Uses a laser or light source to cure liquid resin into solid plastic.
- SLS (Selective Laser Sintering): Uses a laser to fuse powdered material together.
Installation and Setup
Setting up a 3D printer typically involves:
- Assembly: Following the manufacturer’s guide to put the hardware together.
- Leveling: Ensuring the build plate is perfectly aligned with the nozzle.
- Slicer Installation: Installing software like
Cura,PrusaSlicer, orAnycubicSlicerto convert 3D models (STL/OBJ) into G-code. - Firmware Updates: Keeping the printer’s onboard software up to date.
Usage, tips and tricks
Basic Workflow
- Model: Create or download a 3D model (e.g., from Printables, Thingiverse, or Thangs).
- Slice: Use a slicer program to define print settings (layer height, infill, supports).
- Print: Transfer the G-code to the printer via SD card, USB, or Wi-Fi.
- Post-processing: Removing supports, sanding, or painting the finished object.
Tips
- Bed Adhesion: Use glue sticks or hairspray if prints aren’t sticking to the plate.
- Dry Filament: Keep filament in a dry box to prevent moisture absorption, which causes stringing and bubbles.
- Calibration: Regularly perform “E-step” calibration to ensure the extruder is moving the correct amount of filament.